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« Previous SpeciesAnaphalis margaritacea    Next SpeciesAnethum sowa »

Plant Compounds of Anethum graveolens , the Dill

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Magnoliopsida
Order:  Apiales
Family:  Apiaceae
Genus:  Anethum
Author:  Linnaeus
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Pino  1995 
 
        2-p-tolylpropene  0.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Havana, Cuba  herb 
        3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene  14.85 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        3,9-epoxy-p-cymene  0.34 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  24.88 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  3.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.34 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  1.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  8.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  14.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        dillapiol  0.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  0.99 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemicin  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isopiperitenone  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  11.92 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.56 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myristicin  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  14.38 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        thymol  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        toluene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-sabinol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Charles  1995 
 
        3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene  25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Europa  oil 
        alpha-fenchene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  55 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        dillapiol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myristicin  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Huopalahti  1988 
 
        3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene  27.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Finland  extract 
        alpha-phellandrene  22.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        apiol  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  3.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myristicin  3.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neophytadiene  14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  2.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Huopalahti  1988 
 
        3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene  36.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Finland  headspace 
        alpha-phellandrene  32.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        apiol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  5.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  2.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myristicin  2.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neophytadiene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  5.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Huopalahti  1988 
 
        3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene  33.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Finland  CO2-extract 
        alpha-phellandrene  6.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        apiol  4.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myristicin  5.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neophytadiene  19.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  1.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        piperitone  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Venskutonis  1995 
 
        3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene  21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Lithuania  oil 
        4S-carvone  14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  22.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  4.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  5.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Vera  1998 
 
        11Hy  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Reunion Island  oil 
        3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene  20.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        3-carene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        8Hy  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9Ald  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  56.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvotanacetone  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-p-2-menthen-1-ol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-piperitol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta1-22Hy  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  10.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  3.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-menth-1-en-9-ol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        thymol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        toluene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-2-menthenol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Clark  1983 
 
        3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene  0.92 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Tasmania  herb 
        4S-carvone  28.54 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  25.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        dihydrocarvone  1.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  2.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Lawrence  1996 
 
        3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene  5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   USA  herb 
        alpha-phellandrene  27.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  3.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  27.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-carvyl acetate  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  32.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Charles  1995 
 
        3,9-epoxy-1-p-menthene  23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Ames, Iowa, USA  oil 
        alpha-fenchene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  58 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        dillapiol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myristicin  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Lawrence  1980 
 
        3-carene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     seed 
        alpha-phellandrene  7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-carveol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        dihydrocarveol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neodihydrocarveol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neoisodihydrocarveol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-carveol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-dihydrocarveol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Kubeczka  1982 
 
        3-carene  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     seed 
        alpha-phellandrene  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  27.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  1.72 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  68.42 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.96 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.27 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Charles  1995 
 
        alpha-thujene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Ames, Iowa, USA  seed 
        beta-pinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  68 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        dihydrocarvone  10 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        dillapiol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Zhu  1995 
 
        2-p-tolylpropene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   China  seed 
        anethole  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        apiol  4.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  65.86 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  1.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  27.67 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-carveol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Mahran  1992 
 
        2-p-tolylpropene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Cairo, Egypt  fruit 
        alpha-phellandrene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carveol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        dillapiol  26.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  2.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  30.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool acetate  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myristicin  3.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        piperitone  8.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Reference(s):

Charles, D.J., Simon, J.E., and Widrlechner, M.P. 1995. Characterization of essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). J. Essent. Oil Res. 7(1):11-20.
 
Clark, R.J., and Menary, R.C. 1983. The Tasmanian essential oil industry - Production of steam distilled essential oil crops. Proceedings of 9th International Congress of Essential Oils, Singapore.
 
Huopalahti, R., Lahtinen, R., Hiltunen,R., and Laakso, I. 1988. Studies on the essential oils of dill herb, Anethum graveolens L. Flavour Fragr. J. 3(3):121-125.
 
Kubeczka, K.-H., and Formácek, V. 1982. Essential oils analysis by capillary gas chromatography and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. :219-226. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
 
Lawrence, B.M. 1980. New trends in essential oils. Perfum. Flavor. 5(4):6-16.
 
Lawrence, B.M. 1996. Dill oil. Perfum. Flavor. 21(3):64-65.
 
Mahran, G.H., Kadry, H.A., Thabet, C.K., El-Olemy, M.M., Al-Azizi, M.M., Schiff, P.L., Wong, L.K., and Liv, N. 1992. GC/MS Analysis of volatile oil of fruits of Anethum graveolens. Int. J. Pharmacog. 30(2):139-144.
 
Pino, J.A., Roncal, E., Rosado, A., and Goire, I. 1995. Herb oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) grown in Cuba. J. Essent. Oil Res. 7(2):219-220.
 
Venskutonis, P.R. 1995. Essential oil composition of some herbs cultivated in Lituania. In: Flavours, Fragrances and Essential Oils, eds. Baser, K.H.C. Press, Eskisehir, Turkey 2:108-123.
 
Vera, R.R., and Chane-Ming, J. 1998. Chemical composition of essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) growing in Reunion Island. J. Essent. Oil Res. 10(5):539-542.
 
Zhu, L., Li, Y., Li, B., Lu, B. 1995. Aromatic plants and essential constituents. (Supplement 1). South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Peace Book Co. Ltd., Hong Kong. 39.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2024 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
Page created on 22-April-2024