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« Previous SpeciesCymbopogon martinii var.sofia    Next SpeciesCymbopogon microstachys »

Plant Compounds of Cymbopogon martinii , the Palmarosa

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Liliopsida
Order:  Poales
Family:  Poaceae
Genus:  Cymbopogon
Author:  Roxburgh
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Delespaul  2000 
 
        beta-caryophyllene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   France  oil 
        citronellyl acetate  2.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  85.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  9.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl formate  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl hexanoate  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neryl acetate  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Lawrence  2002 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     oil 
        beta-caryophyllene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,Z-farnesol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  81.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  7.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  2.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neryl acetate  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Chowdhury  1998 
 
        7-epi-a-santalene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Chittagong, Bangladesh  leaf 
        8OH  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9Ald  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-selinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-farnesol  1.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-farnesyl acetate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  82.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  10.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl butyrate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl formate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene A  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-nerolidol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Srinivas  1986 
 
        elemol  0.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Brazil  oil 
        gamma-terpinene  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  80.85 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  12.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  2.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Srinivas  1986 
 
        geraniol  59.96 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Guatemala  oil 
        geranyl acetate  17.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.76 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  14.76 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Randriamiharisoa  1987 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.59 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Antananarivo, Madagascar  oil 
        alpha-farnesene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.76 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-selinene  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-farnesol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,Z-farnesol  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesyl acetate  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-selinene  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  80 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  8.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl butyrate  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl isovalerate  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1.53 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  2.79 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl isoeugenol  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neryl acetate  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z,E-farnesol  0.64 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Sethi  1989 
 
        2,3-epo-geraniol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        6,7-epoxygeraniol  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6OH  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  12.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl butyrate  1.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl formate  1.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl hexanoate  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl isovalerate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl octanoate  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonen-10-ol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonen-10-yl acetate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  2.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neryl formate  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        pentyl hexanoate  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        prenyl hexanoate  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        prenyl isovalerate  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        prenyl octanoate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Siddiqui  1990 
 
        3-carene  0.63 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Betul, Madhaya Pradesh, India  oil 
        alpha-pinene  0.71 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.43 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.19 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.74 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesol  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  79.19 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  9.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl butyrate  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl hexanoate  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl octanoate  1.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  3.64 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Maheshwari  1985 
 
        2,3-epo-geraniol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        6,7-epoxygeraniol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6Ald  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  10 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl butyrate  0.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl formate  5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl hexanoate  0.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl isobutyrate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl isovalerate  0.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl octanoate  0.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonen-10-ol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonen-10-yl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neryl formate  0.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        pentyl hexanoate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        prenyl hexanoate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        prenyl isovalerate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        prenyl octanoate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Srinivas  1986 
 
        elemol  1.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        gamma-terpinene  0.94 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  76.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  9.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1.74 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  3.86 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  1.53 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Rajeswara Rao  1996 
 
        alpha-phellandrene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        alpha-terpinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  75.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  11.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl butyrate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl heptanoate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl hexanoate  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl propionate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  2.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  3.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Sarma  1998 
 
        geraniol  85 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Assam, India  oil 
        geranyl acetate  5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Srivastava  2000 
 
        beta-caryophyllene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        elemol  1.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  85 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  2.72 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.61 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Srinivas  1986 
 
        elemol  0.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Madagascar  oil 
        gamma-terpinene  1.74 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  84.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  7.96 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  3.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.19 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Reference(s):

Chowdhury, J.U., Yusuf, M., Begum, J., Mondello, L., Previti, P., and Dugo, G. 1998. Studies on the essential oil bearing plants of Bangladesh. Part IV. Composition of the leaf oil of three Cymbopogon species: C. flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Wats., C. nardus (L.) Rendle var. confertiflorus (Steud.) N. L. Bor and C. martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. martinii. J. Essent. Oil Res. 10(3):301-306.
 
Delespaul, Q., de Billerbeck, V.G., Roques, C.G., Michel, G., Marquier-Viñuales, C., and Bessière, J.-M. 2000. The antifungal activity of essential oils as determined by different screening methods. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12(2):256-266.
 
Lawrence, B.M. 2002. Progress in essential oils. Ocimum gratissimum oil, cinnamon oil, tarragon oil and palmarosa oil. Perfum. Flavor. 27(1):42-57.
 
Maheshwari, M.L., and Mohan J. 1985. Geranyl formate and other esters in palmarosa oil. Pafai J. 7(3):21-26.
 
Rajeswara Rao, B.R., Kaul, K.N., Bhattacharya, A.K., Mallavarapuand G.R., and Rames, S. 1996. Yield and chemical composition of the essential oils of three Cymbopogon species suffering from iron chlorosis. Flavour Fragr. J. 11(5):289-293.
 
Randriamiharisoa, R.P., and Gaydou, E.M. 1987. Composition of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) essential oil from Madagascar. J. Agric. Food Chem. 35(1):62-66.
 
Sarma, P.C., Baruah, P., Pathak, M.G., and Kanjilal, P.B. 1998. Comparision of the major components of the oils of eight selections of Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. martinii. J. Essent. Oil Res. 10(6):673-674.
 
Sethi, K.L., Maheswari, M.L., and Gupta, R. 1989. Genetic diversity and development of high oil yielding palmarosa strains. In: Proceedings of 11th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavours, New-Delhi, India, eds. Bhattacharyya, S.C., Sen, N., and Sethi, K.L. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., Private. Ltd. 4:89-96.
 
Siddiqui, N., and Garg, S.C. 1990. Chemical composition of Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. martinii. J. Essent. Oil Res. 2(2):93-94.
 
Srinivas, S.R. 1986. Atlas of essential oils. Bronx, New York, USA.
 
Srivastava, H.K., Satpute, G.K., and Naqvi, A.A. 2000. Induced mutants in M2 generation and selection for enhanced essential oil yield and quality in Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii, Roxb.) Wats., var. martinii. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12(4):501-506.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2024 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
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