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« Previous SpeciesSyringa vulgaris    Next SpeciesSyzygium cumini »

Plant Compounds of Syzygium aromaticum , the Clove

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Magnoliopsida
Order:  Myrtales
Family:  Myrtaceae
Genus:  Syzygium
Author:  Linnaeus
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Muchalal  1985 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  14.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Madagascar  bud 
        alpha-copaene  0.52 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.52 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  75.64 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-selinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  0.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cubebene  1.36 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  2.34 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-muurolene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Analytical Methods Committee  1984 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     bud 
        alpha-caryophyllene alcohol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-farnesene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  15.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        chavicol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  73.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  7.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Kubeczka  1982 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     bud 
        beta-caryophyllene  11.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  1.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  84.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Gopalakrishnan  1994 
 
        alpha-copaene  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil, CO2-extract 
        alpha-cubebene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  16.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  62.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  14.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoeugenol  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Gopalakrishnan  1994 
 
        alpha-copaene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil, distilled 
        alpha-cubebene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  10.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  71 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  12.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoeugenol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Fuh  1995 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.95 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   China  bud 
        beta-caryophyllene  11.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  76.95 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  10.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Martini  1996 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     bud 
        beta-caryophyllene  4.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  60.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl eugenol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Dorman  2000 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.66 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   UK  oil 
        beta-caryophyllene  5.58 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  86.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  5.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl salicylate  0.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Variyar  1995 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        beta-caryophyllene  10.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  64.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  20.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        phenylmethanol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        vanillin  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Gaydou  1987 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Antananarivo, Madagascar  bud 
        alpha-copaene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-trans-bergamotene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  9.86 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  76.62 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  7.63 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoeugenol  0.19 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl benzoate  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinyl acetate  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Vernin  1994 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Madagascar  bud 
        alpha-copaene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  3.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  71 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  7.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        humulene oxide  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl eugenol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Lawrence  1979 
 
        11-2Kt  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Malagasy  oil 
        7-2Kt  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9-2Kt  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-amorphene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinol  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        benzyl acetate  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        benzyl tiglate  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  4.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calacorene  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cinnamaldehyde  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        estragole  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ethyl benzoate  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ethyl hexanoate  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ethyl octanoate  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ethyl trans-cinnamate  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  70 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  22.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        heptan-2-ol  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        humulene oxide  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        humulenol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl benzoate  0.38 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl eugenol  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl octanoate  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nonan-2-ol  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        phenethyl acetate  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        phenylmethanol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zonarene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Raina  2001 
 
        16Ac  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Little Andaman, India  leaf 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.36 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  2.91 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cadalene  0.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.67 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-alpha-farnesene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  94.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        humulene epoxide II  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.79 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-cadinol  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-nerolidol  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Vernin  1989 
 
        8OH  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Indonesia  leaf 
        alloaromadendrene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-calacorene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-ylangene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        anethole  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        benzyl benzoate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bourbonene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-selinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cadalene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvacrol methylether  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-calamenene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        copaen-15-ol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cubebol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cubenol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-selinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eremophilene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        estragole  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ethyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ethyl alcohol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  95 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-muurolene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        humuladienone  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        humulene oxide  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        humulol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ledol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl eugenol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        palustrol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        propyl isobutyrate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        thymol methylether  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-calamenene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Vernin  1994 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Indonesia  leaf 
        alpha-copaene  0.62 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  0.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.86 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  71 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        humulene oxide  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl eugenol  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Derbesy  1980 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     stem 
        beta-caryophyllene  3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  92.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  2.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl eugenol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Gaydou  1987 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Antananarivo, Madagascar  stem 
        alpha-copaene  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-trans-bergamotene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  9.87 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        chavicol  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cubebene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  80.62 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenyl acetate  4.79 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoeugenol  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl benzoate  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinyl acetate  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Reference(s):

Analytical Methods Committee. 1984. Application of gas-liquid chromatography to the analysis of essential oils. Part XI. Monographs for seven essential oils. Analyst. 109:1343-1360.
 
Derbesy, M. 1980. Comparaison de absolues oeillets de differentes origines geographiques. 8th International Congress of Essential Oils, Cannes, France. 130.
 
Dorman, H.I.D., Surai, P., Deans, S.G. 2000. In vitro antioxidant activity of a number of plant essential oils and phytoconstituents. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12(2):241-248.
 
Fuh, M.R.S.; Pan, W.H., Hsieh, I.J., and Chihming, C.H.U.O. 1995: Preparative-scale supercritical fluid extraction of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum (clove bud). Amer. Lab. (Fairfield). 27(18):36-41.
 
Gaydou, E.M., and Randriamiharisoa, R. 1987. Multidimensional analysis of gas chromatographic data, application to the differentiation of clove bud and clove stem essential oils from Madagascar. Perfum. Flavor. 12(5): 45-51.
 
Gopalakrishnan, N. 1994. Studies on the storage quality of carbon dioxide-extracted cardamom and clove bud oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42(3):796-798.
 
Kubeczka, K.-H., and Formácek, V. 1982. Essential oils analysis by capillary gas chromatography and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. :219-226. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
 
Lawrence, B.M. 1979. Major tropical spices - Clove. In: Essential Oils 1976-1978, eds. Lawrence, B.M. Allured Publ. Corp., Wheaton, Illinois, USA. 108-109.
 
Martini, H., Weidenbörner, M., Adams, S., and Kunz, B. 1996. Eugenol and carvacrol: the main fungicidal compounds in clove and savory. Ital. J. Food Sci. 8(1):63-67.
 
Muchalal, M., and Crouzet, J. 1985. Volatile components of clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllus Spreng): neutral fraction. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49(6):1583-1589.
 
Raina, V.K., Srivastava, S.K., Aggarwal, K.K., Syamasundar, K.V., and Kumar, S. 2001. Essential oil composition of Syzygium aromaticum leaf from Little Andaman, India. Flavour Fragr. J. 16(5):334-336.
 
Variyar, P.S., and Bandyopadhyay, C. 1995. On the volatiles of clove, cardamom, nutmeg and mace. Pafai J. 17(1):19-25.
 
Vernin, E., Pujol, L., Vernin, G., and Metzger, J. 1989. J. Parf. Cosm. Arom. 89:81-82.
 
Vernin, G., Vernin, E., Metzger, J., Pujol, L., and Parkanyi, C. 1994. GC/MS analysis of clove essential oils. In: Spices, Herbs and Edible fungi, eds. Charalambous, G. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherland. 34:483-500.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
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