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Semiochemicals of Genus Karlodinium

Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Dinozoa
Class: Dinophyceae
Order: Gymnodiniales
Family: Kareniaceae
Subfamily: 
Tribe: 
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Semiochemical(s):

Karlodinium armiger Bergholtz, Daugbjerg & Moestru
 
               Rasmussen SA  2017  J. Nat. Prod.  80: 1287   
    karmitoxin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Denmark 
 
               Andersen AJC  2017  Mar. Drugs  15: 278   
    karmitoxin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Denmark 
 
 
Karlodinium sp
 
               Waters AL  2015  Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.  54: 15705   
    KmTx8    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    KmTx9    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
 
 
Karlodinium veneficum Ballantine
 
               Cai P  2016  Harmful Algae  58: 66   
    4,5-dihydro-KmTx 2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Yushan, East China Sea 
    4,5-dihydro-dechloro-KmTx 2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
 
               Van Wagoner RM  2010  J. Nat. Prod.  73: 1360   
    KmTx 1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Delaware, USA 
    KmTx 2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    KmTx 3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    64E-chloro-KmTx 3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    10-O-sulfo-KmTx 3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    65E-chloro-KmTx 1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    10-O-sulfo-KmTx 1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
 
               Peng J  2010  J. Am. Chem. Soc.  132: 3277   
    KmTx 2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Strain CCMP 2064, Georgia, USA 
 
               Van Wagoner RM  2008  Tetrahedron Lett.  49: 6457   
    KmTx 1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Delaware, USA 
 
 
Reference(s):

Andersen, A.J.C., de Medeiros, L.S., Binzer, S.B., Rasmussen, S.A., Hansen, P.J., Nielsen, K.F., Jørgensen, K., and Larsen, T.O. 2017. HPLC-HRMS quantification of the ichthyotoxin karmitoxin from Karlodinium armiger. Mar. Drugs. 15:278-290.
 
Rasmussen, S.A., Binzer, S.B., Hoeck, C., Meier, S., de Medeiros, L.S., Andersen, N.G., Place, A., Nielsen, K.F., Hansen, P.J., and Larsen, T.O. 2017. Karmitoxin: an amine-containing polyhydroxy-polyene toxin from the marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger. J. Nat. Prod. 80:1287-1293.
 
Cai, P., He, S., Zhou, C., Place, A.R., Haq, S., Ding, L., Chen, H., Jiang, Y., Guo, C., Xu, Y., Zhang, J., and Yan, X. 2016. Two new karlotoxins found in Karlodinium veneficum (strain GM2) from the East China Sea. Harmful Algae. 58:66-73.
 
Waters, A.L., Oh, J., Place, A.R., and Hamann, M.T. 2015. Stereochemical studies of the karlotoxin class using NMR spectroscopy and DP4 chemical-shift analysis: insights into their mechanism of action. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54:15705-15710.
 
Peng, J., Place, A.R., Yoshida, W., Anklin, C., and Hamann, M.T. 2010. Structure and absolute configuration of karlotoxin-2, an ichthyotoxin from the marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132:3277-3279.
 
Van Wagoner, R.M., Deeds, J.R., Tatters, A.O., Place, A.R., Tomas, C.R., and Wright, J.L.C. 2010. Structure and relative potency of several karlotoxins from Karlodinium veneficum. J. Nat. Prod. 73:1360-1365.
 
Van Wagoner, R.M., Deeds, J.R., Satake, M., Ribeiro, A.A., Place, A.R., and Wright, J.L.C. 2008. Isolation and characterization of karlotoxin 1, a new amphipathic toxin from Karlodinium veneficum. Tetrahedron Lett. 49:6457-6461.
 

 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2024 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
Page created on 13-February-2024